Thrice resolved to die yet living, a patriot's vow carved in white

Fujita Toko (藤田東湖, 1806–1855) was a Japanese Confucian scholar, political activist, and poet of the late Edo period — a leading figure of the Mito school of thought (Mitogaku) and one of the intellectual architects of the movement that eventually produced the Meiji Restoration. A passionate advocate of sonnō jōi (revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians), he expressed his political and moral convictions through essays, poems, and calligraphic works of considerable power. He died in the Ansei earthquake of 1855, but his influence on the political and cultural life of the late Edo period was profound and lasting.

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